W7 Legal Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W7 Legal Discussion - Essay Example Throughout the years, various intercessions have been utilized in halting this circumstance, including the utilization of criminal fines and endorses for wrongdoers. It is anyway bantered in this paper such criminal fines and endorses are not serious enough to forestall medicinal services misrepresentation. Lord (2012) plot various types of human services extortion that are recorded in different wellbeing establishments all through the nation. A significant point that King (2012) made while posting the types of cheats was that as much as the misrepresentation cost the nation a few billions of dollars throughout each and every year, the fakes are additionally extremely hard to distinguish. This means in a circumstance where there are not very dissuading measures to demoralize individuals from taking part in these fakes, they will keep on doing them in light of that they will barely be trapped in their wrongdoings. In the organization of human services likewise, counteraction has consistently been noted to be the most ideal way out to managing generally managerial and clinical issues that surface (Stuart Showalter, 2011). With this stated, it is significant that there will be stiffer discipline to guilty parties to such an extent that the individuals who have not been associated with thes e demonstrations of extortion will have no inspiration of participating in them (Morris, 2009). Extortion and besides wrongdoing is an issue that chips away at a money saving advantage premise. This implies when individuals have an inclination that by taking part in wrongdoing, they show signs of improvement benefits than what they endure because of being gotten, they are probably going to rehash their activities. Regardless of whether those included don't rehash their activities, the individuals who have not been included will have no obstruction not to be engaged with it. To this end, it is essential to adopt another strategy to keeping suppliers and associations from taking part in human services extortion. From an extremely sober minded point of view, it is suggested that guilty party who are found ought to have their licenses of

Introduction to Operation Management Essay

In the event that you might want to pick an association that isn't from the above rundown, if you don't mind counsel your teacher. For SLP 1, recognize the accompanying by composing a paper (with passages, including a starting, body, and finishing up area): 1) The organization’s name and fundamental line of business, 2) A particular kind of tasks process that happens there (either administration or item), 3) Describe the idea of the activities given your newly discovered comprehension of activities the executives and efficiency. 4) You may distinguish the procedure or worldwide system of that association. Don't hesitate to counsel foundation readings, peruse our library to discover more articles, and check the significant sites to help your contention. Presentation An association productivity and adequacy are important to surface in this new period of business where keeping up a serious edge is the contrast among succeeding and wavering. In this paper I will depict and dissect the activity the executives by portraying and investigating the various tasks the executives points of view and its profitability. Body The association I have decided to consider and break down is Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., their line of business is retail. Since Wal-Mart is one of the top grocery store chains in the nation sending out to 27 nations and sells an enormous number of items, the organization runs on numerous levels and since certain items have unexpected guidelines in comparison to other clearly the activity the executives has tuned to the particular needs of the item. Not just has the activity the executives related for products as well as for administrations. Since 2009, The Sustainability Consortium (TSC) and Wal-Mart have cooperated to make a framework that measure and report the supportability of items by creating apparatuses to upgrade the ability to understand and express the ecological, social, and financial impacts of items. This procedure of looking into item supportability is utilized to extend information on top netting items and discover how to improve the nature of the items. By improving the quality they can fabricate better items at a lower cost and sell it the equivalent of more significant expense expanding benefits. Then again, by testing item supportability new eco-accommodating items can be produce and lower the natural effect while as yet fulfilling shopper request. The subsequent advance is looking into the shopper, their opinion of the item and how the item is utilized. This empowers fabricating organizations to meet the buyer needs. After all the analyst is done, newly discovered information is joined with new instruments to deliver better item quality and straightforwardness making a more grounded trust between Wal-Mart and its client. The idea of this activity depends on bringing down expenses while looking after benefits. By looking into the items they get familiar with the intricate details of how it is made, the expenses of creation, and the manageability of the item. This permits them to investigate less expensive strategies and materials while still keep up same wellbeing, wellbeing and natural guidelines. Moreover when they investigate the purchaser, they discover what the buyer actually needs and give more to fill that need. Whatever benefits are spared they can put into better instruments, creation hardware, or anything used to additionally propel the organization. The worldwide methodology (just as general procedure) is to put resources into lower costs. By growing the kinds of items sold and bringing back varieties the client base is extended, since now the accommodation of discovering all that you need in one spot is accessible. At the point when this comfort is joined with lower costs, it makes Wal-Mart a retail juggernaut that will be almost difficult to top. End All in all, activities the board is a key device in controlling all parts of a business. By overseeing tasks you can reduce expenses, mishaps, or even increment benefits. A model would be Wal-Mart’s item manageability the executives. By putting resources into this procedure they have propelled their organization in numerous perspectives, giving them a preferred position in their business. References Plenert, Gerhard J. (2002). Universal Operations Management. Recovered January 17, 2013 at: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/tourou/search.action?p00=International +Operations+Management&fromSearch=fromSearch&search=Search Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2012) 2012 Annual Report. Recovered on January 17, 2013 at: http://www.walmartstores.com/locales/yearly report/2012/CEOletter.aspx Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2012) Global Responsibility. Supportability Index. Recovered on January 17, 2013 at: http://corporate.walmart.com/worldwide obligation/condition maintainability/supportability file

Marketing Research New Zealand - China

Marketing Research New Zealand - China Marketing Research New Zealand China Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing Research New Zealand China Marketing PostsA free trade agreement exists between New Zealand and the Peoples Republic of China. The two leaders of the two nations signed the agreement on 7 April 2008 in Beijing. The agreement makes up to 30% of all exports from New Zealand to China to be free. This includes all the dairy products that New Zealand sells to China. The agreement will also allow over 65% of the same to be free by 2013 (Kurmann Et al. 2009). One of the advantages that New Zealand has as it trades with the Peoples Republic of China is the great population that China has. The population directly translates into great demand. The Peoples Republic of China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people. It is the country with the largest population in the earth. Even though its population growth rate is low compared to other countries around the globe, the small increase from a very large population h as a very great impact. The growth rate is 0.47% but it results to over 6 million more people each year (Kurmann, Et al. 2009). The entire population and the added ones need dairy products thus creating a constant demand for these products from New Zealand. However, because in China, families have opted for fewer children, New Zealand export is affected absolutely. This is because New Zealand export of dairy product will automatically reduce in future. In one way or the other, less children being born in China affects New Zealand’s overall export.New Zealand has higher education standards compared to that in the Peoples Republic of China. However, one of the areas that that promote dairy products export from New Zealand is the development of skills in production of the same.   Dairy production is so developed in New Zealand that it is ranked amongst one of the best dairy products producer in the world. The country has revenue of more than $11 billion from the dairy industry making it the world’s largest dairy products exporter (Woodford Cowan 2009). This has been enabled by its efficient all-grass farming system. New Zealand also has a high scale processing capacity of dairy products. Its research and development in this area has continued to create more knowledge and skills. The higher standards of education in New Zealand caused China to seek a joint education forum from with her in order to benefit from the same. An agreement was reach and since then, the two countries have been holding “China-New Zealand Higher Education Forum” (Campbell, 2009). This program has been highly successful so far and the two nations are currently on a path to integrate more than just their education systems. The minister for education from New Zealand Mr. Mr. Philip Gibson commented that the two nations were on a path on an unprecedented integration process.New Zealand’s ability to segment China’s population in terms of its attitude, values and ability to purchase its diary products has promoted the country’s export strategies (Campbell, 2009). The demand for dairy products consists of various psychographic segments.   Each of these segments is described by how China’s population uses the dairy products. China’s large population consumes products such as milk powders, butter and cheese are on daily basis.Social Factors: This factor is majorly concerned with social attitudes along with cultural values. This is based on the fact that, both attitudes and values forms societal cornerstone. In most cases, they tend to affect demographic, religious as well as economic factors and changes. This affects consumers of the imported dairy products. In dealing with such issues that arises from global cultural diversity, New Zealand and China should educate their citizens on global cultures along with different global languages. New Zealand should initiate and even fund such programs because she is the main beneficiary in trading with China. In gener al, the citizens from the two nations ought to recognize that different cultures existing globally.Strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities and threatsNew Zealand sells its dairy products in several countries. New Zealand is the leading dairy farm exporter in the world. Its estimated allocation of converged dairy products exports stood at was 35% in the last quarter of 2009. Its dairy export value has been on the rise over the last four years due to increasing milk solid production and increase in export prices.   Globally, it has research and development sites. It sells its products like milk powders, butter and cheese throughout the world. New Zealand also sells concentrated and sweetened milk. In 2009, it received revenue in the tune of $4 billion from milk and cream (Woodford Cowan 2009). Other exports include fats and oil which New Zealand manufacture from milk. Opportunities or openings include possibilities that might become available from competitors and new products that she c an export in China. In the challenge that she faces over competitors, New Zealand can cooperate with competitors in areas of research and development.This enables her to benefit from economies of scale. The main threats are possible future changes and challenges from competitors. Apart from this, New Zealand is opening new dairy factories in low wage counties hence lowering production cost. Such movement enables New Zealand to sell its products cheaply. She is also involved in the production of several new milk related products thanks to research and development programs. For illustration, recently New Zealand has ventured in the production of organic dairy products, this has become the fastest growing field and trade with China presents great markets for such new products.

Outsourcing And The Third World Essay - 2257 Words

Hope, Keala, Austin2 Outsourcing in the Third World The problem of outsourcing is not new, but is still a keen business problem for today’s economy. Both manufacturing and services are able to be sent overseas. Our company is deciding whether or not to outsource, and if so what and how much we should outsource. Summary of the Situation Outsourcing has been around in some shape or form for many years. The outsourcing today is a fairly recent development however. It has developed off the economic relationship between developed and developing countries. This started around the 1970’s with companies like Dell and Cisco (Leavy 47). Once other companies saw the potential profits to be made from outsourcing, they too began to outsource basic manufacturing overseas (Leavy 47). This began an outsourcing revolution that resulted in today’s current economic situation. Developed countries are labeled as the â€Å"Donor Countries† and send certain parts of their manufacturing overseas (Smith 3). Outsourcing has been defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as â€Å"To send away (some of a company s work) to be done by people outside the company.† In a modern economic sense however, people use outsourcing to mean to send work outside of the original country,usually in order to save money, although it has also been done for political reasons among a multitude of other reasons. Most companies outsource low-level manufacturing. When people think of modern day outsourcing, two main examplesShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Outsourcing Can be Beneficial Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens have been complaining about how outsourcing has ruined their lives and that it is only going to harm America and its economy. Unfortunately, jobs are going to be lost and the unemployment rate may rise due to globalization. However, the benefits of globalization are infinite. People in other parts of the world will achieve a greater life than they ever thought possible due to the factories built in their countries. Due to the poverty in third world countries, these factories will provideRead MoreOutsourcing Jobs to Foreign Countries1167 Words   |  5 PagesOutsourcing jobs to foreign countries has long seen to be a hindrance to American people when in actuality it can help the economy grow. Outsourcing is a sore subject for the majority of Americans today. Seeing jobs going overseas can be hard pressed to be seen as a good thing, even harder to believe it can help the economy. Looking at the way outsourcing can help everyone puts things in perspective on a global level. Imagine third world countries poverty stricken and hungry! Outsourcing inRead MoreThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops.600 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of disease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployedRead MoreCompetition And Sustainability For Reducing Production Costs1467 Words   |  6 PagesCompetition and sustainability in the third-party IT contracting industry in the United States are driven by economic factors such as outsourcing, globalization, mergers, and acquisitions (Rose- Anderssen, Baldwin, Ridgway, 2011). In turn, these factors shape and transform third-party IT contracting companies (Jancikova Brychta, 2009). IT outsourcing (ITO) is a business solution for reducing production costs (Desar McGee, 2010). This approach is used frequently in the operation of call centersRead MoreTaking a Look at Samasource1125 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Many business models rely on outsourcing. This occurs when companies contract out some of their business to a third party. In its most common form, outsourcing is a cost effecting business venture. Companies find it more advantageous to purchase a service from a third party rather than try to provide it internally. It can often save money, time, and result in a more efficient product. The focus here is on information technology outsourcing. This is a bit more specific in that itRead MoreAdvantages Of Outsourcing And Outsourcing1428 Words   |  6 PagesMumbai. The invention of the internet has allowed business to communicate across the world within seconds thus creating a global economy that depends on one another. Globalization is defined as  the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. A global economy allows companies to source their product or service from around the world. This enables business by giving them more options and resources to grow their businessRead MoreA Short Period Of Declining Demand1062 Words   |  5 Pagesrecession and a short period of declining demand, the outlook for outsourcing and off-shoring showed an increasing trend for the foreseeable future. As companies realign their strategies to better compete in the world stage, the projections indicate that this practice will grow over different dimensions including function, services and geographic locations (Deloitte, 2014). The main benefit for the companies that use outsourcing and off- shoring is the positive impact it has on their bottom lineRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreAnalysis of Three Videos on Outsourcing967 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Assignment: Overseas Outsourcing Introduction One of the most polarizing business practices of the last two decades continues to be the decision on the part of businesses to outsource production of their products to third world nations, The are a myriad of benefits and risks to outsourcing, often as diverse as the companies that choose this strategy as a means to compete globally (Beasley, Bradford, Pagach, 2004). The three videos analyzed in the paper have successfully definedRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Being a First Mover975 Words   |  4 Pages First, first movers are considerably less profitable in the long run as compared to the other entrants in the industry. Secondly, first movers experience high research and development expenses since they spend more money on exploratory research. Third, first movers have challenges associated with undeveloped supply and distribution channels that proves to be a major disadvantage. The other disadvantages include undeveloped enabling technologies and complements and uncert ainty of the requirements

How Recent Economic Trends Influence Business Essay

How recent economic trends are influencing the business A firm and its management are affected by many factors present in its environment and this because a business can not operate in vacuum. The factors existing in a business’ environment are beyond control by a firm and the factors affects how a business operates and performs in the market (Li, 2008). Other macro environmental factors besides economic that affect business performance include political factors, social, demographic or ecological, and technology. The economy is an important factor affecting businesses since it determines level of profitability a business can receive from operations. In recent period the economy can has been characterized by recession and increasing†¦show more content†¦Rogers (2008) provides that Apple experiences reduced demand for PCs and the company has had to lower its prices in a bid to maintain high demand for its products and maintain sales revenue for the business. When there was an economic trend characterized by strengthening of the United States dollar, the company had to increase prices of products sold in foreign countries and this influenced demand for Apple products. Other economic trends that influence Apple include increase in fuel and energy costs and this influences the company in terms of demand for products and also cost of operating. A consumer has higher infinity or need to purchase fuel thus increase in fuel prices means consumers have less money to dedicate to other products translating to reduced demand for company products. The company also incurs increased expenses due to increased fuel costs thus the company experiences increased cost in producing and distributing its products. Increased expenses mean the company has reduced profit margin. Other economic factors that affect consumer spending behavior and could affect demand include labor costs, healthcare costs, mortgage market and access to credit. Recent economic conditions have resulted in reduced money to consumers thus reducing spending and thus the company experiences reduced demand for its products. RecentShow MoreRelatedFinance Is Based On Economics841 Words   |  4 PagesFinance is based on economics. Therefore, to properly understand financial markets and their behavior, you must first understand economics. Economics is the concern of production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. It is the science that arises out of the relationship between limited resources and unlimited wants and needs by humans. Macroeconomics started with John Maynard Keynes, an English economist, who published a book entitled General Theory of Employment, InterestRead MoreThe Marketing Strategies And Framework Implemented By Tesco Plc1490 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical factors which have an impact on how the business functions, such as tax rates, legislation and economic stability Tesco needs to be able to monitor these factors in 12 countries across the world. (BBC, 2013) Also, multinational companies such as Tesco are often encouraged to create jobs for the domestic populati on in areas where there is financial instability, which in turn, increases demand for Tesco products and services. 2.2 Economic Factors Economic Factors are the usually the most concerningRead MoreMacro Environment1114 Words   |  5 Pagesof their business but also during the growth stage of ventures. The environment means the situation where the company business ventures operate. As we know, ventures environment can be divided into two sections that are External environment and Internal environment. And the external environment also divided into two parts, which are Macro environment and Micro environment. But in this section, I just discuss about Macro environment. The elements of macro environment can affect business decision-makingRead MoreThe World s International Business Environment And Affects Everyone On The Global Economy Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe trend I have chosen is the Internet, anywhere, anytime. I believe it is very relevant in today’s international business environment and affects everyone in the global economy in some-way. In 1957 when the then Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first man-made satellite. The Cold War was at its peak, and the United States and the Soviet Union considered each other enemies. President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1958 as a direct response to SputnikRead MoreEnvironmental Factors Impact Retail Industry933 Words   |  4 Pagesmacro-environment factor, after the global financial crisis, interest of the relationship between the environment and the economy has been significantly increased in recent year (Tienhaara, 2014). For example, as the holiday season comes close, all retailers are working hard to make sure their customers can get what they need and want. Consequently, the trend of trade must goes up constantly. However, countless goods may stack at the ports as a result of high cargo volume; retailers cannot deliver the productRead MoreEssay about The External Environment and Its Effect on Business 1485 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal environment for a business is equally as important to its success (or otherwise) as it’s internal environment. This is because external factors will directly impact on the business. These factors are complex and wide ranging so many businesses analyse them in a similar way to a SWOT analysis. A common tool that is used to analyse and document the external environment is the PESTLE analysis. (There are other similar models) PESTLE involves identifying the political, economic, social, technologicalRead MorePolitical Environment Of New Zealand Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pages 1. PESTLE Analysis A PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal, and Environmental) analysis explores the external factors which may influence any organization. Political When our company comes in declining stage at that time the political view affect a lot like, Political view has a huge control upon the regulation of businesses .It includes government regulations and legal issues under which businesses should operate. According to the findings, political environment of New ZealandRead MoreIdentifying Long Term Trends 860 Words   |  3 Pages(NKE) and how important it is for the financial managers to use economic variables in order to identify their long term financial goals. I will also go over a few techniques that the financial managers of Nike Inc. could use for economic forecasting in the global economy. Financial managers must be able to understand as many economic aspects affecting the market in any part of the world that would influence their company. Economic Variables are any data accounted for in an economic model. AnRead MorePolitical Power And Public Policy1401 Words   |  6 Pages There are many factors that create and compose the American political system. Economic inequality plays a huge part in composing this system. The argument that has been proposed is that inequality structures political power and public policy. Having money always gets your far in this country, especially when it comes to politics. Money can not only advance you, but it can corrupt you. When you come from wealth it makes entering the political arena easier. That is what I will be arguing throughoutRead MoreEconomic Analysis795 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. Economy is on the rise. The first two factors have a hand in how well the economy is doing. With a new president in office, there have been some recent changes to policies and government regulations. Currently, a new tax reform is being proposed for the 2017 tax year, which looks to cut 1.5 trillion dollars towards business and individuals (Rappeport Kaplan, 2017). The tax break for individuals and businesses will influence the U.S. e conomy in one form or another. In the following pages the

Greenhouse Effect Free Essays

Greenhouse Effect is a term for the role the atmosphere plays in helping warm the earth’s surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave ( or ultrviolet) soalr radiation, which is absorbed by earth’s surface. The earth receives energy from the sun, which warms the earth’s surface. We will write a custom essay sample on Greenhouse Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now As this energy passes through the atmosphere, a certain percentage gets scattered. Some part of this energy is reflected back into the atmosphere from the land and ocean surface. The rest (70%) actually remains behind to heat the earth. n order to establisha balance, therefore, the earth must radiate some energy back into the atmosphere. As the earth is much cooler than the sun, it does not emit energy as visisble llight. It emitsthrought is frared or thermal radiation. However, certain gases in the atmosphere. Without this blanket effect, the earth would be around 30oC colder than it normally is. These gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide along with water vapour, comprise less than one per cent of the atmosphere. They are called ‘greenhouse gases† as the working principle is same as that which occurs in a greenhouse. Just as the galss of the greenhouse prevent the radiation of excess energy, this ‘gas blanket’ absorbs some of the energy emitted by the earth and keeps temperaature level intact. This effect was first recognized by a France scientist, Jean-Baptiste Fourier, who pionted out the similarly in what happen in the atmosphere and in a green house. Hence he terms the greenhouse effect. This gas blanket has been in place ever since the creation of the earth. Since the industrial revolution human activities have been releasing more and more of these greenhouse gases into atmosphere. This leads to the blanket becaming thicker and upsets gses are called ‘sources’ and those that remove them are known as ‘sink’. A balance between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ maintains the level of these greenhouse gases. Humankind upsets this balance when new source that interfere with the natural gas. When we destroy forest, the carbon stored in the treeescapes as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Increasing agricultural activities, changes in land use patterns, and other sources lead to rising level of methane and nitrous oxide. Industrial processes also release artificial and new greenhouse gases like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), while automobile exhaust fumes lead to ozone generation. The resulting enchaned greenhouse effect is more commonly referred to as global warming or climate change. Global warming is a result of the increase of thickness of the greenhouse gas layer that is release into the atmosphere through human activity like burning fossil fuel. Increase greenhouse gas concerntration may be resulting in more heat being trap in the atmosphere and increasing global temperature emitted by the cars we drive, the furnaces we use to heat our homes and the industries that produce oil and gas, create electricity and develop products for the world’s marketplace. These greeghouse are completely human caused. They harm stratospheric ozone and so are not as directly responsible for global warming as carbon dioxideis. The question of reducing their presence in the stratosphere is being taken care of in another global convention, the Montreal Protocol. These gases are particularly effective in absorbing long wave radiation from the earth’s surface and preventing heat from escaping. Alhtough the views and opinions of people across the world vary on issues relating to the cause of global warming and its possible impacts, there is a common understanding that is is a cause for major global concern and must be adressed immediately. How to cite Greenhouse Effect, Papers Greenhouse Effect Free Essays Running head: GREEN HOUSE EFFECT Gwinnett College Mr. Seder Research Paper 3/27/13 Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the reason for the planet as it is today; the reason why we see campaigns flooding the media informing us to ‘switch off’, ‘save the planet’ and ‘turn down the heat’ and the reason why the government is trying to develop a successful scheme, such as the carbon tax scheme, to reduce air pollution caused by major industries. Air pollution and greenhouse gases are the two immediate causes of global warming and climate change. We will write a custom essay sample on Greenhouse Effect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Air pollution occurs when chemicals or particulate matter enter the atmosphere. They can cause damage to living organisms on the planet, as well as destruction to the natural and synthetic environment (Energy Environment. net 2008). Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted from the earth. They trap infrared radiation in the form of heat, and hence contribute to global warming. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are a direct result of air pollution. They are the physical gases emitted that cause air pollution. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases also have an influence on the earth’s atmosphere, though it is not as conspicuous as anthropogenic causes. Together, air pollution and greenhouse gases are intensifying climate change and global warming on a world-wide basis. Until 10 years ago, air pollution was thought to be just an urban or local problem until it was discovered that the pollutants could move across continents and oceans. Air pollution is the fundamental factor that causes greenhouse gases, hence climate change and global warming. Air pollutants are the waste products generated from industrial and other processes. They usually come in gases, though aerosols (particles suspended in air, emitted as or formed by transformations of SO2, and ammonia into sulphates, nitrates and ammonium) are common as well, and just as significant. Aerosols absorb and reflect sunlight, which increases the atmospheric temperature, enhancing greenhouse warming. There are two main classifications of air pollutants; primary, those emitted directly into the atmosphere, and secondary pollutants, those hat form in the air when primary pollutants interact and react. Air pollution is most commonly caused by anthropogenic emission, the most predominant being the burning of fossil fuels. Other major causes of air pollution include chemical processing, agriculture, airborne particles and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) (Irina Ignatova 2008). Air pollution does occur naturally as well, from volcanic eruptions, water vapor, animal resu scitation and lightening fires. Air composition changes regularly, depending on the place, season and weather, as well as for many other reasons (NSW Gov. 2008). The most prevalent air pollutants, as established by the Australian Government, are; carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particles and sulfur dioxide (2. Aust. Gov. 2009. ). Carbon monoxide occurs in the atmosphere naturally at low levels, and is mainly sourced from volcanoes and bushfires. It is emitted from anthropogenic sources by exhaust emissions and some industrial activities(2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Since approximately 1950, anthropogenic sources of CO2 have escalated, as Figure 1 below demonstrates. Lead occurs naturally in the air in tiny amounts, but is added to from lead smelting and other processes. 2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Nitrogen dioxide occurs naturally by lightning and some organic sources, and is added to mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and exhaust emissions (2. Aust. Gov. 2009). Some of the major anthropogenic sources of three major air pollutants, CO, and SO2 are shown in Table 1: Some Important Air Polluting Sectors below. Table 1: Some Important Air Po lluting Sectors (2) Sector Air pollutants emitted Biofuel Combustion Mostly CO; also SO2 and NOx . Industry ump; Refineries Mostly SO2 and NOx; also CO . Power Generation Mostly SO2 and NOx; also CO . Residential and Commercial Sector Mostly SO2 and CO; also NOx . Road, Rail, Air ump; Other Transport Mostly NOx and CO; also SO2 . As can be seen from table 1, the three air pollutants CO, SO2 and NOx are emitted from a range of sources. The sectors listed in the table are some of the worst anthropogenic polluters present. These air pollutants, plus others are also known as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases (hereafter GHGs) are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation emitted from the earth. GHGs can have both natural and anthropogenic causes. They ccur naturally in the atmosphere; however, increased anthropogenic GHGs has led to what is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process where greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass into the atmosphere, but prevents some of the long wave radiation (heat) from escaping. This process maintains a livable temperature on earth, as without it the average temperature would be -18oC instead of the 15oC presently (Pidwirny, M. 2006). Naturally, the balance of GHGs is maintained in the atmosphere, ensuring the planet doesn’t become too hot or cold. The enhanced greenhouse effect is an increase in the natural greenhouse effect, stimulated by human activity. GHGs are released into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they would naturally, increasing their concentrations. This leads to an increase in long wave radiation absorption, raising the atmospheric temperature of the planet. This is known as global warming, and has been slowly occurring over a number of decades. The impact of GHGs has been rising since the industrial revolution, due to the enormous increase in toxic emissions. The major GHGs are Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (NH4), Nitrogen oxide (NO) and Fluorocarbons. Figure 2 shows the proportions of the main U. S Anthropogenic GHG emissions. This graph clearly shows that CO2 is the most prevalent GHG emitted. Figure 2: U. S. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas, 2001. (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent) . What this graph fails to show, however, is the prevalence of another, very common GHG; water vapor. Approximately 60% of all greenhouse gas is water vapor. Much of the water vapor is retained from natural sources, so it is often unspoken of when detailing climate change. This is generally justified by climate change commonly being referred to in an anthropogenic sense. The four major GHGs, CO2, NH4, NO and Fluorocarbons have increased considerably in amount from the pre-industrial (pre 1750) levels to today, as table 2, below, shows. Gas Preindustrial Level 2008 Level . Carbon Dioxide 280 parts per million 385 ppm . Methane 700 parts per billion 1782 ppb . Nitrous Oxide 270 parts per billion 321 ppb . Fluorocarbons 0 parts per trillion 533 pp. Table 2: Comparative levels of Greenhouse Gases preindustrial (1750) and 2008 . Adapted from http://www. eea. europa. eu/data-and-maps/indicators/atmospheric-greenhouse-gas-concentrations/atmospheric-greenhouse-gas-concentrations-assessment-2 The various levels can be seen to have increased considerably since 1750, the most markedly being Fluorocarbons, which were not present in pre-industrial times , and now are at a level of 533 parts per trillion. The GHG that has had the most devastating increase since 1750 is carbon dioxide, increasing from 280 parts per million to 385 ppm. This increase has led to many of the climate issues prevalent in today’s environment. It is these increasing GHG levels that cause the problems of climate change and global warming. Greenhouse gases caused by air pollutants have many adverse effects to the environment and to the health of living organisms living on the planet. The most significant effect is global warming. The average temperature rise worldwide in the last century was 0. 6oC (National Geographic 2004). Global warming is having many current, dramatic effects on the planet. The biggest danger is from sea level rise. Because of the increasing temperatures, the oceans are expanding, causing the sea level to rise, which poses a massive danger to low lying continents and islands. The oceans have risen 15-20cm already. Figure 3 shows the changes in sea level due to global warming from 1880 to 1980. Greenhouse gases also cause climate change, which is long-term changes in the climate, including average rainfall and temperature. The climate worldwide at the moment is leading to increasingly extreme climate conditions, such as extended droughts, torrential rain leading to extensive flooding and short, intense storms. Many of these severities of nature have already been witnessed, with droughts in Western Australia, floods in the Eastern States, Tornadoes in America and extreme monsoons in Asian countries. So it can be concluded that, as long as air pollution keeps increasing the prevalence of greenhouse gases, climate change and global warming will also increase. The evidence clearly provided in this essay strongly supports the argument that greenhouse gases caused by air pollution are the main cause of anthropogenic climate change. The tables and graphs demonstrate just how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. As is evident, climate change is an ever growing problem globally. Due to the increase in anthropogenic air pollution, greenhouse gases have amplified also, as shown by table 2. Figure one shows how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased exponentially, mirrored by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. The various examples described clearly support the argument that greenhouse gases caused by air pollution are the major anthropogenic causes of climate change. Work citied Ganesh, P. (2011). Global warming/green house effect. Indian Journal Of Science Technology, 4(3), 219-222. ttp://www. grida. no/publications/vg/climate/page/3072. aspx Indian Journal of Science Technology. Mar2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p204-206. 3p. 4 Charts, 1 Graph Kanai, S. , Moghaieb, R. E. , El-Shemy, H. A. , Panigrahi, R. R. , Mohapatra, P. K. , Ito, J. J. , †¦ Fujita, K. (2011). Potassium deficiency affects water status and photosynthetic rate of the vegetative sink in green house tomato prior t o its effects on source activity. Plant Science, 180(2), 368-374. doi:10. 1016/j. plantsci. 2010. 10. 011 Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry. 2004, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p203-209. p. 2 Charts, 1 Map. Indian Journal of Science Technology. Mar2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p230-235. 6p. . Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. Aug2011, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3301-3318. 18p. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Jun2007, Vol. 55 Issue 6, p832-839. 8p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts. International Journal of Food Science Technology. Aug2006, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p813-832. 20p. 5 Charts. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. Dec2011, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p4416-4423. 8p. .Document Type:Article Allelopathy Journal. 2010, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p441-451. 11p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs How to cite Greenhouse Effect, Essay examples

Rated R by Rihanna free essay sample

â€Å"I lick the gun when Im done because I know that revenge is sweet. So sweet.† Those are the powerful words that suck you into Rihannas new CD, â€Å"Rated R.† This album features Rihannas usually sweet, exciting voice filled with rage and pity. Some say her breakup with boyfriend Chris Brown had a lot to do with it, but I think it was just time to see a deeper, more ghetto side of her. â€Å"Rated R† has a lot of variety, from songs like â€Å"Fire Bomb† and â€Å"Rockstar 101,† with its loud electric guitar solos and fast beat, to â€Å"The Last Song,† with sad lyrics and her soothing voice that makes you put the song on repeat and wonder if it really is the last song. Rihanna sings with many people on this album, including Jeezy, Slash, and Will.i.am. She sings a lot about being used and abused. We will write a custom essay sample on Rated R by Rihanna or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In â€Å"Wait Your Turn† she demands to be treated with respect, and â€Å"Stupid in Love† describes how she still loves him, but hes hurting her so it cant work: â€Å"This is stupid. Im not stupid. Dont talk to me like Im stupid. I still love you but I just cant do this †¦.† One of the worst songs on the album is â€Å"Te Amo.† It is about her and another girl dancing. It has absolutely no depth. Its like she is singing about an inside joke. â€Å"Hard† (with Jeezy) is one of the best tracks and is about her staying hard and getting over Chris. No matter what you think of Rihanna, â€Å"Rated R† is one of her best albums. It proves that she is a real person with real things happening to her, and that shes not perfect.